C. H. T. Lee, Design, analysis and application of magnetless doubly salient machines. Singapore: Springer Nature, 200 pages, 2018. (Springer Theses Prize)

Y. Zuo, H. Wang, X. Ge, Y. Zuo, A. T. Woldegiorgis, X. Feng, and C. H. T. Lee, “A novel current measurement offset error compensation method based on the adaptive extended state observer for IPMSM drives,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 3371–3382, April 2024. (ESI Highly Cited Paper)

S. Cai, J. L. Kirtley Jr., and C. H. T. Lee, “Critical review of direct-drive electrical machine systems for electric and hybrid electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 2657–2668, December 2022. (First Place Best Paper Award)

H. Chen, Y. Zuo, K. T. Chau, W. Zhao, and C. H. T. Lee, “Modern electric machines and drives for wind power generation: A review of opportunities and challenges,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 1864–1887, February 2021. (IET RPG Top Cited Paper in 2021–2022)

J. Zheng, W. Zhao, J. Li, J. Zhu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Sleeve design of permanent-magnet machine for low rotor losses,” Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 86–96, December 2020. (Best Paper Award)

S. Xie, Y. Yu, S. Cai, Y. Shen, F. Shen, Y. He, X. Yuan, and C. H. T. Lee, “A hybrid concentrated-winding permanent magnet vernier machine with high power factor and wide constant power operation range,” Proceedings of The 50^th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2024), Chicago, IL, USA, Paper No. 000468, November 2024. (IEEE IES-SYPA Award)

Y. Zhou, G. Yang, Y. He, X. Lei, D. Li, L. Huang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation of axial-flux limited-angle torque motor with tooth-tip structure for torque performance improvement,” Proceedings of The 26^th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2023), Zhuhai, China, Paper No. 926, November 2023. (Best Paper Award)

A. Li, B. Tao, D. Jiang, S. Xie, Y. Zhou, and C. H. T. Lee, “Variable-topology motor drive with soft-shifting method for PMSM operating range extension,” Proceedings of The 49^th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2023), Singapore, Paper No. 980, October 2023. (Third Prize Paper Award)

X. Ran, W. P. Tay, and C. H. T. Lee, “A robust deep Q-network based attack detection approach in power systems,” Proceedings of The 4^th International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems (SIPES 2022), Beijing, China, Paper No. Se0486, December 2022. (Excellent Paper Award)

J. L. Kirtley, C. H. T. Lee, and S. M. Yangijeh, Electromagnetic analysis of electric machines. Wiley, 250 pages, tentatively 2024.

C. H. T. Lee, Emerging technologies for electric and hybrid vehicles. Singapore: Springer Nature, 360 pages, 2024.

C. H. T. Lee, C. C. Chan, Y. He, C. Zhao, H. Wang, and G. Y. Zhou, “Framework of digital renaissance with human-in-the-loop,” Integration of Energy, Information, Transportation and Humanity, Elsevier, 2023, pp. 169–201.

C. H. T. Lee, J. L. Kirtley, and M. Angle, “Switched reluctance motor drives for electric and hybrid electric vehicles,” Switched Reluctance Motor – Concept, Control and Applications, In Tech, 2017, pp. 97–114.

C. H. T. Lee, and K. Y. Chan, “Overview of electrochemical energy sources for electric vehicles,” Energy Systems for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), 2016, pp. 31–67.

C. C. Chan, L. Jian, and C. H. T. Lee, “Integration of energy and information in electric vehicle systems,” Energy Systems for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), 2016, pp. 373–393.

H. Wang, Y. Zuo, C. Zhao, H. Cao, and C. H. T. Lee, “Improved disturbance rejection ability for speed control of PMSM drives using a modified cascaded extended state observer,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, accepted.

C. Zhao, Y. Zuo, H. Wang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Online-trained radial basis function neural network compensator for current harmonics suppression of electric drives,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, accepted.

Z. Zhang, Y. Hu, C. H. T. Lee, G. Luo, C. Gong and M. Alkahtani, “Diagnosis of free-wheeling diodes in PMSM drives based on residual current under open circuit faults,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, accepted.

C. A. Wiguna, K. Kiyota, A. Chiba, O. Gundogmus, Y. Sozer, O. Atsuya, J. Asama, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation of effective cases of radial force sum flattening acoustic reduction in four three-phase switched reluctance motors with different pole configuration,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, accepted.

X. Zhu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Harmonic loss reduction of fractional slot concentrated winding permanent-magnet vernier motor with different stator modular designs,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, accepted.

Y. Shen, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation and comparative study of double-sided yokeless asymmetric flux reversal permanent magnet linear machine,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, accepted.

H. Cao, Y. Deng, Y. Zuo, H. Li, J. Wang, X. Liu,and C. H. T. Lee, “Improved ADRC with a cascade extended state observer based on quasi-generalized integrator for PMSM current disturbances attenuation,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, accepted.

Z. Chen, Y. Zhou, F. Guo, and C. H. T. Lee, “Improved modulation for three-phase series-end winding voltage-source inverters,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, accepted.

Y. Zhou, J. Liu, K. Yu, G. Yang, Y. He, D. K. B. Lau, P. Wang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design of axial-flux permanent magnet motors with high torque density and low thermal raise for electric motorcycle,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, accepted.

S. Zhu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation of vibration behaviors of dual permanent magnet vernier machine considering field and force modulation effects,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, accepted.

X. Zhu, M. Zhao, H. Wang, Y. Shen, Y. Zhou, Y.He, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design and investigation of flux-reversal permanent-magnet motor with less rare-earth magnet for low-cost application,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, accepted.

Z. Zeng, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation of a novel brushless dual-electric-port machine with AC flux-control property for EV/HEV applications,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, accepted.

Y. He, and C. H. T. Lee, “Magnetic equivalent circuit model for a two degree-of-freedom rotary-linear machine with transverse flux structure,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, accepted.

S. Zhu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Generation mechanism and suppression measure of electromagnetic vibration in permanent magnet synchronous machine: A review,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, accepted.

J. Zhu, X. Yuan, S. Xie, C. Zhao, F. Shen, J. Chen, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design and analysis of a new hybrid excitation vernier motor with reduced permanent magnet,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, accepted.

Y. Zuo, H. Wang, X. Ge, Y. Liu, S. Zhu, and C. H. T. Lee, “A simple current measurement scaling error compensation method for PMSM drives,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 14122–14128, November 2024.

C. Teng, Y. Fan, C. Yang, M. Cheng, and C. H. T. Lee, “Friction identification and compensation for SPMSM using robust adaptive observer,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 4754–4766, October 2024.

Y. Shen, Z. Li, Z. Zeng, Q. Lu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Quantitative analysis of asymmetric flux reversal permanent magnet linear machine for long excursion application,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 71, no. 10, pp. 12781–12792, October 2024.

F. An, L. Zhang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Influences of grain orientation on high-cycle fatigue performance of laser powder bed fused Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy at room temperature and 500℃,” Materials Science & Engineering A - Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing, vol. 912, pp. 146988–147002, October 2024.

N. Kang, H. Qin, R. Ma, C. H. T. Lee, and M. Liu, C. Ma, “Magnetic field projectionand current phase control in a 2-D planar transmitting coil array,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 10623–10637, September 2024.

Y. Yu, F. Chai, Y. Pei, M. Doppelbauer, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation of power factor characteristic in permanent magnet motors for in-wheel direct drive application,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 1699–1710, September 2024.

J. Chen, G. Yang, X. Yuan, J. Zhu, Y. Hu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Experimental validation of a minimum-order sensorless induction motor control method,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 3715–3728, August 2024.

X. Ran, W. P. Tay, and C. H. T. Lee, “Robust data-driven adversarial false data injection attack detection method with deep Q-network in power systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 10405–10418, August 2024.

Y. Yu, F. Chai, Y. Pei, J. Zhu, S. Xie, L. Cao,and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation of a novel phase-unit axial-modular permanent magnet vernier machine with integral-slot non-overlapping concentrated windings,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 6144–6157, July/August 2024.

H. Cao, Y. Deng, Y. Zuo, H. Li, J. Wang, X. Liu,and C. H. T. Lee, “Unified interpretation of active disturbance rejection control for electrical drives,” IEEE Transactions on Circuit and Systems II:Express Briefs, vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 3433–3437, July 2024.

J. Zhu, F. Chen, Y. Zuo, J. Chen, H. Wang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Rated optimal current control angle identification for surface permanent magnet vernier motor considering magnetic saturation,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 10, no. 2, pp.3028–3042, June 2024.

L. Cao, Y. Zuo, X. Zhu, S. Xie, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation of permanent-magnet vernier machine with fractional-slot nonoverlapping windings for direct-drive application,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 10, no. 2, pp.3383–3395, June 2024.

Z. Shi, X. Sun, Z. Yang, Y. Cai, G. Lei, J. Zhu,and C. H. T. Lee, “Design optimization of a spoke-type axial-flux PM machine for in-wheel drive operation,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 10, no. 2, pp.3770–3781, June 2024

L. Cao, Y. Zuo, G. Yang, Y. He, S. Xie, and C. H. T. Lee, “Decoupling analysis of brushless dual-mechanical-port dual-electrical-port machines,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 4361–4374, May 2024.

C. Yang, B. Song, J. Jatskevich, H. Zhang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Normal-operation-undisturbed magnet flux linkage monitoring in PMSM drives viaa mechanical-model-based dual time-scale approach,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 20, no. 4, pp.6266–6279, April 2024.

X. Zhu, M. Zhao, G. Yang, C. Zhao, H. Wang, J.Mao, and C. H. T. Lee, “Passive fault-tolerant scheme of a 2 x 3-phase SPMSM driven by mono-inverter based on field oriented control,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 7040–7052,April 2024.

Q. Hou, S. Xu, Y. Zuo, H. Wang, J. Sun, C. H. T. Lee, and S. Ding, “Enhanced active disturbance rejection control with measurement noise suppression for PMSM drives via augmented nonlinear extended state observer,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 287–299, March 2024.

F. Shen, Y. Zuo, H. Chen, S. Xie, and C. H. T. Lee, “Adual-permanent-magnet machine with asymmetric stator teeth-tips,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 252–262, March 2024.

X. Wang, Y. Fan, J. Chen, Y. Lei, Q. Chen, and C. H. T. Lee, “The currentregion control strategy with wide speed range of radial-axial consequent pole hybrid excitation machine for electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 10, no.1, pp. 1377–1387, March 2024.

J. Zhang, Z. Liu, G. Liu, Q. Chen, J.Jatskevich, and C. H. T. Lee, “Fast response sliding mode linear speed control of a magnetic screw motor based on feedforward compensation strategy,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 10, no.1, pp. 1441–1453, March 2024.

Q. Hou, H. Wang, C. Zhao, S. Xu, Y. Zuo, C. H. T. Lee, and S. Ding, “Super-twisting extended state observer-based quasi-proportional-resonant controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1596–1604, March 2024.

H. Cao, Y. Deng, Y. Zuo, H. Li, J. Wang, X. Liu,and C. H. T. Lee, “Improved ADRC with a cascade extended state observer based on quasi-generalized integrator for PMSM current disturbances attenuation,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 10, no.1, pp. 2145–2157, March 2024.

S. Xie, Y. Zuo, Z. Song, F. Shen, J. Goh, B. S. Han, C. C. Hoang, and C. H. T. Lee, “A magnetic-geared machine with improved magnetic circuit symmetry for hybrid electric vehicle applications,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 2170–2182, March 2024.

Y. Zuo, H. Wang, X. Ge, J. Mu, C. Lin, and C. H. T. Lee, “A Novel Single-Phase Current Sensor Control Strategy based on Dual APF-QSG forPosition-Sensorless IPMSM Drives,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 71–77, January 2024.

Y. He, J. Chen, Y. Zhou, L. Cao, and C. H. T. Lee, “A two degree-of-freedom rotary-linear machine with transverse-flux structure,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 215–225, January 2024.

M. Zhao, Z. Liu, Q. Chen, G. Liu, X. Zhu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Frequency adaptive disturbance observer for sensorless control of a 3 x 3-phase PMA-SynRM driven by mono-inverter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 15314–15326, December 2023.

S. Xie, S. Cai, Y. Zuo, L. Cao, J. Zhu, A. Li,Y. Yan, and C. H. T. Lee, “Anew hybrid concentrated-winding concept with improved power factor for permanent magnet vernier machine,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 11, pp. 11109–11120, November 2023.

L. Cao, Y. Zuo, S. Xie, C. C. Hoang, B. S. Han,and C. H. T. Lee, “Comparative study of permanent-magnet vernier motor and interior permanent-magnet motor for hybrid electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 59, no. 6, pp.6601–6614, November/December 2023.

F. Shen, Y. Yan, S. Wang, B. C. S. Onn, C. J.Gajanayake, A. K. Gupta, and C. H. T.Lee, “Investigation of a flux-switching machine with u-v-array permanent magnet arrangement for traction applications,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 72, no. 10, pp.12580–12591, October 2023.

X. Shen, H. Sheng, Y. He, K. A. Liogas, K. B.Lau, P. Wang, F. Meng, K. Chen, N. Jia, U. Ramamurty, and C. H. T. Lee, “Evaluation of microstructure, mechanical and magnetic properties of laser powder bed fused Fe-Si alloy for 3D magnetic flux motor application,” Materials & Design, vol. 234, pp. 112343–112354, October 2023.

Y. Shen, Z. Zeng, Q. Lu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design and analysis of double-sided flux concentrated permanent magnet linear machine with saturation relieving effect,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 10, pp. 10442–10453,October 2023.

Y. Zhou, R. Qu, D. Li, Y. Gao, and C. H. T. Lee, “Performance investigation and improvement of linear vernier permanent magnet motor for servo application,” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 2657–2669, October 2023.

Z. Niu, Y. Zuo, H. Wang, L. Zhang, X. Zhu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Improved low-frequency disturbance rejection property for position control of PMSM using generalized extended state observer,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 11, no.5, pp. 4739–4748, September 2023.

J. Zhu, Y. Fan, H. Chen, J. Chen, Y. Zuo, and C. H. T. Lee, “Comprehensive armature reaction modeling and flux weakening optimization of a surface permanent magnet vernier motor,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 8709–8722,September 2023.

H. Chen, A. M. El-Refaie, Y. Zuo, S. Cai, J. Tang, Y. Liu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design and analysis of a variable-speed constant-amplitude wind generator for stand-alone dc power applications,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 7731–7742, August 2023.

G. Yang, H. Hussain, S. Li, X. Zhang, J. Yang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design and analysis of universal natural fault-tolerant SVPWM strategy with simplified fault diagnosis for multiphase motor drives,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 11, no. 4,pp. 4340–4354, August 2023.

F. Meng, S. Huang, K. B. Lau, Y. Zhou, Y. Deng, P. Wang, X. Shen, and C. H. T. Lee, “Texture components and magnetic properties of laser powder bed fusion fabricated near grain-oriented and near non-oriented silicon steel,” Materials & Design, vol. 231, pp. 112037–112052, July 2023.

S. Xie, Y. Zuo, H. Chen, L. Cao, X. Yuan. B. S. Han, C. C. Hoang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation on stator shifting technique for permanent magnet vernier machines with two-slot pitch winding,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 6585–6596, July 2023.

Q. Hou, Y. Zuo, J. Sun, C. H. T. Lee, Y. Wang, and S. Ding, “Modified nonlinear active disturbance rejection control for PMSM speed regulation with frequency domain analysis,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 8126–8134, July 2023.

H. Chen, A. M. El-Refaie, Y. Zuo, S. Cai, J. Tang, Y. Liu, and C. H. T. Lee, “A permanent magnet brushless doubly fed electric machine for variable-speed constant-frequency wind turbines,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 6663–6674, July 2023.

A. Li, D. Jiang, J. Sun, Z. Liu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Unified vector torque control for reluctance motor with different coil pitch,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 5527–5536, June 2023.

Y. Yan, F. Shen, S. Wang, B. Cheong, C. J. Gajanayake, A. K. Gupta, S. Cai, X. Yuan, J. Chen, S. Xie, and C. H. T. Lee, “Novel memory motor drive with integrated winding concept for traction applications,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 72, no. 6, pp. 7171–7183, June 2023.

Z. Zeng, Y. Shen, W. Zhao, X. Yuan, S. Cai, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation of brushless doubly-fed dual-stator machines for traction applications,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 3464–3474, June 2023.

M. Zhao, G. Liu, Q. Chen, Z. Liu, X. Zhu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Effective position error compensation in sensorless control based on unified model of SPMSM and IPMSM,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 6750–6761, May 2023.

Y. Zuo, J. Zhu, W. Jiang, S. Xie, X. Zhu, W. H.Chen, and C. H. T. Lee, “Active disturbance rejection controller for smooth speed control of electric drives using adaptive generalized integrator extended state observer,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 4323–4334, April 2023.

S. Zhu, J. Ji, W. Zhao, G. Liu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Vibration reduction design of consequent pole PM machine by symmetrizing local and global magnetic field,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 2221–2230, March 2023.

P. Lin, C. Deng, Y. Yang, C. H. T. Lee, and W. P. Tay, “Resilience-oriented control for cyber-physical hybrid energy storage systems using a semiconsensus scheme: Design and practice,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 2508–2519, March 2023.

S. Cai, Y. Li, H. Chen, X. Yuan, and C. H.T. Lee, “Analysis and suppression of cross-coupling demagnetization indual permanent magnet machine for direct-drive application,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 474–487, March 2023.

X. Zhu, L. Zhang, X. Xiao, C. H. T. Lee, and H. Que, “Adjustable-flux permanent magnet synchronous motor sensorless drive system based on parameter-sensitive adaptive online decoupling control strategy, ” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 501–511, March 2023.

S. Zhu, W. Zhao, J. Ji, G. Liu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design to reduce modulated vibration in fractional-slot concentrated-windings PM machines considering slot-pole combination,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 575–585, March 2023.

Y. Yan, Y. Fan, F. Shen, H. Chen, S. Cai, X. Yuan, and C. H. T. Lee, “Hybrid-magnetvariable flux memory machine with improved field regulation capability for electric vehicle applications,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 586–597, March 2023.

X. Zhu, S. Li, S. Zheng, L. Quan, D. Fan, X. Zeng, and C. H. T. Lee, “Torque component redistribution and enhancement for hybrid permanent magnet motor with permanent magnet offset placement,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 631–641, March 2023.

X. Wang, Y. Fan, C. Yang, Z. Wu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Multi-objective optimization framework of a radial-axial hybrid excitation machine for electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 1638–1648, February 2023.

J. Chen, X. Yuan, F. Blaabjerg, and C. H. T. Lee, “Overview of fundamental frequency sensorless algorithms for ac motors: A unified perspective,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 915–931, February 2023.

H. Wang, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, and X. Tian, “Design and analysis of wireless resolver for wireless switched reluctance motors,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 243–254, January 2023.

S. Cai, H. Chen, X. Yuan, Y. C. Wang, J. X. Shen,and C. H. T. Lee, “Analysis of synergistic stator permanent magnet machine with the synergies of flux-switching and flux-reversal effects,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 12237–12248, December 2022.

J. Zhu, Y. Zuo, H. Chen, J. Chen, and C. H. T. Lee, “Deep-investigated analytical modeling of a surface permanent magnet vernier motor,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 12236–12347, December 2022.

Y. Zuo, J. Chen, X. Zhu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Different active disturbance rejection controllers based on the same order GPI observer,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 10969–10983, November 2022.

L. Cao, Y. Zuo, H. Chen, S. Xie, B. S. Han, C. C. Hoang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Quantitative comparison on permanent-magnet vernier machines with improved flux modulation effect for automatic guided vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 71, no. 11, pp. 11367–11379, November 2022.

X. Yuan, S. Xie, J. Chen, S. Zhang, C. Zhang, and C. H. T. Lee, “An enhanced deadbeat predictive current control of SPMSM with linear disturbance observer,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 6304–6316, October 2022.

X. Tian, K. T. Chau, W. Liu, H. Pang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Maximum power tracking for magnetic field editing based on omnidirectional wireless power transfer,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol.37, no. 10, pp. 12901–12912, October 2022.

J. Chen, J. Mei, X. Yuan, Y. Zuo, J. Zhu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Online adaptation of two-parameter inverter model in sensorless motor drives,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 9860–9871, October 2022.

X. Wang, C. Jiang, F. Zhuang, C. H. T. Lee, and C. C. Chan, “A harmonic injection method equivalent to the resonant controller for speed ripple reduction of PMSM,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 9793–9803, October 2022.

X. Wang, Y. Fan, X. Lu, Q. Chen, and C. H. T. Lee, “Multiobjective optimization of a dual stator brushless hybrid excitation motor based on response surface model and NSGA2,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 6105–6114, September/October 2022.

F. Shen, J. Mei, Y. Zuo, S. Xie, and C. H. T. Lee, “Novel flux-switching machine with star-array permanent-magnet arrangement,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 8851–8861, September 2022.

H. Chen, A. M. El-Refaie, Y. Zuo, S. Cai, S. Xie, and C. H. T. Lee, “Evaluation of a contra-rotating flux-modulated machine featured with dual flux-modulated for wind power generation,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 8770–8781, September 2022.

H. Chen, A. M. El-Refaie, Y. Zuo, S. Cai, L. Cao, and C. H. T. Lee, “Comparative study and design optimization of a dual-mechanical-port electric machine for hybrid electric vehicle applications,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 71, no. 8, pp. 8341–8353, August 2022.

X. Yuan, and C. H. T. Lee, “A simple three-degree-of-freedom digital current controller with dead beat response for ac machines,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 7848–7858, August 2022.

X. Yuan, J. Mei, J. Chen, Y. Zuo, and C. H. T. Lee, “A digital current controller based on active resistance term feedback for SPMSM drives,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol.37, no. 8, pp. 9827–9839, August 2022.

Y. He, S. Cai, Y. Zhou, and C. H. T. Lee, “Comparative study of two degree-of-freedom rotary-linear machines with permanent-magnet mover for high dynamic performance, ”IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 90609–90622, August 2022.

S. Cai, Y. Wang, H. Chen, X. Yuan, L. Yu, Z. Zhang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design and analysis of a doubly salient wound field starter generator for cost-effective automobile application,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 6900–6911, July 2022.

X. Shen, F. Meng, K. B. Lau, P. Wang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Texture and microstructure characterizations of Fe-3.5wt%Si soft magnetic alloy fabricated via laser powder bed fusion,” Materials Characterization,vol. 189, pp. 112012–112021, July 2022.

X. Yuan, J. Chen, W. Liu, and C. H. T. Lee, “A linear control approach to design digital speed control system to PMSMs,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 8596–8610, July 2022.

X. Yuan, Y. Zuo, Y. Fan, and C. H. T. Lee, “Model-free predictive current control of SPMSM drives using extended state observer,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 6540–6550, July 2022.

S. Zheng, X. Zhu, Z. Xiang, L. Xu, L. Zhang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Technology trends, challenges, and opportunities of reduced-rare-earth PM motor for modern electric vehicles,” Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–19, July 2022.

S. Zhu, W. Zhao, J. Ji, G. Liu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design to reduce electromagnetic vibration in integral-slot SPM machine considering force modulation effect,” Science China Technological Sciences, vol.65, pp. 1867–1877, June 2022.

H. Chen, N. A. O. Demerdash, A. M. El-Refaie, Y. Guo, W. Hua, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation of a 3D-magnetic flux PMSM with high torque density for electricvehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 1442–1454, June 2022.

J. Chen, Y. Fan, W. Wang, C. H. T. Lee, and Y. Wang, “Sensorless control for SynRM drivesusing a pseudo-random high-frequency triangular-wave current signal injection scheme, ”IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 7122–7131, June 2022.

X. Yuan, J. Chen, C. Jiang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Discrete-time current regulator for ac machine drives,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 5847–5858, May 2022.

J. Mei, C. H. T. Lee, and J. L. Kirtley, “Low-carbon operation of a multi-energy system with hydrogen-based vehicle applications, ” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 2547–2555, May 2022.

W. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. C. T. Chow, and C. H. T. Lee, “Wireless energy trading in traffic internet,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 4831–4841, April 2022.

H. Chen, J. He, X. Guan, N. A. O. Demerdash, A. M. El-Refaie, and C. H. T. Lee, “High-resistance connection diagnosis in five-phase PMSMs based on the method ofmagnetic field pendulous oscillation and symmetrical components,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 2288–2299, March 2022.

W. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, L. Cao, and W. Han, “Wireless Power and Drive Transfer for Piping Network,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 2345–2356, March 2022.

L. Cao, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, and T. Yang, “Analysis of split-tooth stator-slot permanent-magnet machines with different PM arrangements,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 1–6, February 2022.

J. Zheng, W. Zhao, J. Ji, and C. H. T. Lee, “Quantitative analysis on maximum efficiency point and specific high-efficiency region of permanent-magnet machines,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 1333–1345, February 2022.

J. Chen, J. Mei, X. Yuan, Y. Zuo, and C. H. T. Lee, “Natural speed observer for nonsalient ac motors,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 14–20, January 2022.

C. H. T. Lee, W. Hua, T. Long, C.Jiang, and L. V. Iyer, “A critical review of emerging technologies for electric and hybrid vehicles,” IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology, vol. 2, pp. 471–485, December 2021.

H. Wang, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, and C. Q. Jiang, “Wireless shaded pole induction motor with half-bridge inverter and dual-frequency resonant network,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol.36, no. 12, pp. 13536–13545, December 2021.

Y. Zuo, J. Mei, X. Yuan, C. Jiang, S. Xie, and C. H. T. Lee, “Linear active disturbance rejection controllers for PMSM speed regulation system considering the speed filter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 14579–14592, December 2021.

Z. Zhang, Z. Song, C. H. T. Lee, and H. Komurugil, “Controller-based periodic disturbance mitigation techniques for three-phase two-level voltage-source converters– An overview,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 6553–6568, October 2021.

M. Zhao, G. Liu, Q. Chen, W. Zhao, and C. H. T. Lee, “Fault-tolerant control of a triple redundant PMA-SynRM driven under single-phase open-circuit mono-inverter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 11593–11605, October 2021.

H. Wang, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, L. Cao, and W. H. Lam, “Design, analysis and implementation of wireless shaded-pole induction motors,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 6493–6503,August 2021.

H. Chen, J. He, N. A. O. Demerdash, X. Guan, and C. H. T. Lee, “Diagnosis of open-phase faults for a five-phase PMSM fed by a closed-loop vector-controlled drive based on magnetic field pendulous oscillation technique,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 5582–5593,July 2021.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, and W. Zhao, “Guest editorial: Modern electric machines and drives for wind power generation,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 1861–1863, June 2021.

C. Liu, K. T. Chau, and C. H. T. Lee, and Z. Song, “A critical review of advanced electric machines and control strategies for electric vehicles,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 109, no. 6, pp. 1004–1028, June 2021.

J. Mei, Y. Zuo, C. H. T. Lee, X. Wang, and J. L. Kirtley, “Stochastic optimization of multi-energy system operation considering hydrogen-based vehicle applications, ”Advances in Applied Energy, vol. 2, p.100031, May 2021.

Z. Wu, Y. Fan, H. Chen, X. Wang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Electromagnetic force and vibration study of dual-stator consequent-pole hybrid excitation motor for electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 4377–3488, May 2021.

Y. Zuo, X. Zhu, X. Si, and C. H. T. Lee, “Fault-tolerant control for open-end winding permanent magnet synchronous motor based on winding reconnection,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol.36, no. 5, pp. 6068–6078, May 2021.

Y. Zuo, J. Mei, C. Jiang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Digital implementation of deadbeat-direct torque and flux control for permanent magnet synchronous machines in the M-T reference frame,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 4610–4621, April 2021.

X. Tian. K. T. Chau, W. Liu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Selective wireless power transfer using magnetic field editing,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 2710–2719, March 2021.

W. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, L. Cao, and C. Jiang, “Frequency-modulated wireless direct-drive motor control,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 57, no. 2, p. 8201907, February 2021.

L. Cao. K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, W. Liu, and T. W. Ching “Analysis of air-gap field modulation in parallel-hybrid-excited harmonics-shift machines,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 57, no. 2, p. 8102606, February 2021.

X. Tian. K. T. Chau, W. Han, and C. H. T. Lee, “Analysis of multi-coil omnidirectional energy harvester,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 57, no. 2, p. 8000806, February 2021.

W. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, X. Tian, and C. Jiang, “Low-frequency-switching high-frequency-resonating wireless power transfer,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 57, no. 2, p. 8000408, February 2021.

X. Tian. K. T. Chau, W. Han, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design and analysis of double-layer electromagnetic field limiter for wireless rechargeable medical implants,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 57, no. 2, p. 5100206, February 2021.

L. Cao, K. T. Chau, and C. H. T. Lee, “A double-rotor flux-switching permanent-magnet motor for electric vehicles with magnetic differential,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 1004–1015, February 2021.

C. H. T. Lee, “Educating Engineers: A time-honored text,” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, vol. 19,no. 1, pp. 95–96, January/February 2021.

S. Xie, H. Chen, Y. Zuo, F. Shen, B. S. Han, C.C. Hoang, and C. H. T. Lee, “A consequent-pole magnetic-geared machine with axially embedded permanent magnets for hybrid electric vehicle,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 14905–14917, January 2021.

W. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, X. Y. Tian, and C. Jiang, “Hybrid frequency pacing high-order transformed wireless power transfer,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 1157–1170, January 2021.

Y. Zuo, J. Mei, X. Zhang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Simultaneous identification of multiple mechanical parameters in a servo drive system using only one speed,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 716–726, January 2021.

Z. Wu, Y. Fan, C. H. T. Lee, D. Gao, and K. Yu, “Vibration optimization ofFSCW-IPM motor based on iron-core modification for electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 14834–14845, December 2020.

L. Cao, K. T. Chau, and C. H. T. Lee, “A new parallel-excited machine with harmonic-differential effect for electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 12734–12750, November 2020.

J. Mei, Y. Zuo, C. H. T. Lee, and J. L. Kirtley, “Modeling and optimization method for axial flux induction motor of electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 12822–12831, November 2020.

W. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, C. Jiang, W. Han, and W. H. Lam, “A wireless dimmable lighting system using variable-power variable-frequency control,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 8392–8404, October 2020.

W. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, C. Jiang, W. Han, and W. H. Lam, “Wireless energy-on-demand using magnetic quasi-resonant,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 9057–9069,September 2020.

W. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, W. Han, X. Tian, and W. H. Lam, “Full-range soft-switching pulse frequency modulated wireless power transfer,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 6533–6547, June 2020.

X. Zhu, C. H. T. Lee, C. C. Chan, L. Xu, and W. Zhao, “Overview of flux-modulation machines based on flux-modulation principle: Topology, theory and development prospects,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 612–624, June 2020.

S. Saponara, C. H. T. Lee, N. X. Wang, and J. L. Kirtley, “Electric drives and power chargers: Recent solutions to improve performance and energy-efficiency for hybrid and fully electric vehicles,” IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 73–83, March 2020.

L. Cao, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, and W. H. Lam, “Design and analysis of a new parallel-hybrid-excited machine with harmonic-shift structure,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 1759–1770, March 2020.

J. Mei, C. H. T. Lee, and J. L. Kirtley, “Design of axial flux induction motor with reduced back iron for electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 293–301, January 2020.

C. Jiang, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, W. Han, W. Liu, and W. H. Lam, “A wireless servo motor drives with bidirectional motion capability,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 12001–12010, December 2019.

X. Zhang, B. Wang, U. Manandhar, C. H. T. Lee, A. Ukil, and H. B. Gooi, “A simplified deadbeat based predictive torque control for three-level simplified neutral point clamped inverter fed IPMSM drives using SVM,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1906–1916, December 2019.

H. Chen, and C. H. T. Lee, “Parametric sensitivity analysis and design optimization of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 159918–159929, November 2019.

Z. Song, H. Komurugil, C. H. T. Lee, and Z. Zhang, “Guest editorial special section on identification and observation informatics for energy generation, conversion, and applications,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 5999–6000, November 2019.

C. Ai, C. H. T. Lee, J. L. Kirtley, Y. Huang, H. Wang, and S. Liu, “A hybrid methodology for analyzing the performance of Induction motors with efficiency Improvement by specific commercial measures,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 23, pp. 4497–4520, November 2019.

W. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, C. Jiang, W. Han, and W. H. Lam, “Multi-frequency multi-power one-to-many wireless power transfer system,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 55, no. 7, p. 8001609, July 2019.

C. Jiang, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, W. Han, W. Liu, and W. H. Lam, “Development of multiple-frequency wireless coordinative motor drives,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 91, pp. 143–156, July 2019.

C. Jiang, K. T. Chau, Y. Leung, C. Liu, C. H. T. Lee, and W. Han, “Design and analysis of wireless ballastless fluorescent lighting,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 4065–4074, May 2019.

W. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, C. Jiang, and W. Han, “A switched-capacitorless energy-encrypted transmitter for roadway-charging electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 54, no. 11, p. 8401006, November 2018.

C. Jiang, K. T. Chau, C. Liu, C. H. T. Lee, W. Han, and W. Liu, “Move-and-charge system for automatic guided vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 54, no. 11, p. 8600105, November 2018.

C. H. T. Lee, M. Angle, K. K. Bhalla, M. Qasim, J. Mei, S. Mohammadi, K. L. V. Iyer, J. J. Sinkular, and J. L. Kirtley, “Quantitative comparison of Vernier permanent-magnet motors with interior permanent-magnet motor for hybrid electric vehicles,” Energies, vol. 11, no. 10,pp. 2546–2160, September 2018.

C. H. T. Lee, M. Angle, K. K. Bhalla, M. Qasim, J. Mei, S. Mohammadi, K. L. V. Iyer, J. J. Sinkular, and J. L. Kirtley, “Quantitative comparison of Vernier permanent-magnet motors with interior permanent-magnet motor for hybrid electric vehicles,” Energies, vol. 11, no. 10,pp. 2546–2160, September 2018.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, T. W. Ching, and C. C. Chan, “Design and analysis of partitioned-stator switched-flux dual-excitation machine for hybrid electric vehicles,” World Electric Vehicle Journal, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 40, September 2018.

Y. Yao, C. Liu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Quantitative comparisons of six-phase outer-rotor permanent-magnet brushless machines for electric vehicles,” Energies, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 2141–2158,August 2018.

C. H.T. Lee, K. T. Chau, C. Liu, and C. C. Chan, “Development of a singly fed mechanical-offset machine for electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 516–525,June 2018.

W. Li, T. W. Ching, K. T. Chau, and C. H. T. Lee, “A superconducting Vernier motor for electric ship propulsion,” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 5201706, April 2018.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, and C. C. Chan, “Design and analysis of high-performance motors with partitioned-stator topology for hybrid electric vehicles, ”HKIE Transactions, vol. 24, no. 4,pp. 228–236, December 2017.

C. H. T. Lee, J. L. Kirtley, and M. Angle, “A partitioned-stator flux-switching permanent-magnet machine with mechanical flux adjusters for hybrid electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 53, no. 11, p. 3000807, November 2017.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, and L. Cao, “Development of reliable gearless motors for electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 53, no. 11, p. 6500308, November 2017.

C. Liu, J. Yu, and C. H. T. Lee, “A new electric magnetic-geared machine for electric unmanned aerial vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 53, no. 11, p. 8111306, November 2017.

L. Cao, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, W. Li, and H. Fan, “Design and analysis of electromagnetic gears with variable ratios,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 53, no. 11, p. 8204706, November 2017.

Z. Zhang, H. Pang, C. H. T. Lee, X. Xu, and J. Wang, “Comparative analysis and optimization of dynamic charging coils for roadway-powered electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 53,no. 11, p. 9402106, November 2017.

C. H. T. Lee, W. K. Lee, and K. T. Chau, “Development of partitioned stator flux-switching machines for electric vehicles,” Journal of International Council on Electrical Engineering, vol. 7,no. 1, pp. 276–281, November 2017.

K. T. Chau, C. Jiang, W. Han, and C. H. T. Lee, “State-of-the-art electromagnetics research in electric and hybrid vehicles,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol.159, pp. 139–157, October 2017. (Invited Paper)

C. H. T. Lee, J. L. Kirtley, M. Angle, and H. Nian, “Quantitative comparison of partitioned-stator machines for hybrid electric vehicles,” CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 146–153, June 2017.

C. Jiang, K. T. Chau, C. Liu, and C. H. T. Lee, “An overview of resonant circuits for wireless power transfer,” Energies, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 894–913, June 2017.

W. Li, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, T. W. Ching, M. Chen, and J. Z. Jiang, “A new linear magnetic gear with adjustable gear ratios and its application for direct-drive wave energy extraction,” Renewable Energy, vol. 105, pp. 199–208, May 2017.

Y. Luo, C. Liu, F. Yu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design and evaluation of an efficient three-phase four-leg voltage source inverter with reduced IGBTs,” Energies, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 530–543, April 2017.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, and C. Liu, “Design and analysis of an electronic-geared magnetless machine for electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 6705–6714, November 2016.

W. Chen, C. Liu, C. H. T. Lee, and Z. Shan, “Cost-effectiveness comparison of coupler designs of wireless power transfer for electric vehicle dynamic charging, ”Energies, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 906–918, November 2016.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, and C. C. Chan, “Comparison of flux-switching machines with and without permanent magnets,” Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 78–84, December 2015.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, and C. Liu, “Design and analysis of a cost-effective magnetless multi-phase flux-reversal DC-field machine for wind power generation,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1565–1573, December 2015.

F. Lin, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, and C. Liu, “Fault signature of a flux-switching DC-field generator,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 51, no. 11, p. 8206304, November 2015.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, and C. Liu, “Design and analysis of a dual-mode flux-switching doubly salient DC-field magnetless machine for wind power harvesting,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 908–915, April 2015.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, C. Liu, T. W. Ching, and M. Chen, “A new magnetless flux-reversal HTS machine for direct-drive application,” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 25, no. 3, p.5203105, January 2015.

M. Chen, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, and C. Liu, “Design and analysis of a new axial-field magnetic gear using pole-changing permanent magnets,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol.153, pp. 23–32, 2015.

C. U. Lei, C. H. T. Lee, T. O. Kwan, C. K. Lee, K. B. Huang, and R. Y. K. Kwok, “Undergraduate cross-discipline integrated learning through designing a smart hierarchical power conversion system,” International Journal of Design, Analysis and Tools for Integrated Circuit and Systems, vol. 5,no. 2, pp. 6–8, December 2014.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, C. Liu, T. W. Ching, and F. Li, “Mechanical offset for torque ripple reduction for magnetless double-stator doubly-salient machine,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol.50, no. 11, p. 8103304, November 2014.

C. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, F. Lin, F. Li, and T. W. Ching, “Magnetic vibration analysis of a new DC-excited multitoothed switched reluctance machine,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 50,no. 11, p. 8105204, November 2014.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, C. Liu, T. W. Ching, and F. Li, “A high-torque magnetless axial-flux doubly-salient machine for in-wheel direct drive applications, ”IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol.50, no. 11, p. 8202405, November 2014.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, C. Liu, and C. Qiu, “Design and analysis of a new multitoothed magnetless doubly-salient machine,” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 24, no. 3, p. 5200804, June 2014.

C. H. T. Lee, C. Liu, and K. T. Chau, “A magnetless axial-flux machine for range-extended electric vehicle,” Energies, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1483–1499, March 2014.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, C. Liu, and F. Lin, “Design and analysis of a magnetless flux-switching DC-excited machine for wind power generation,” Journal of International Council on Electrical Engineering, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 80–87, January 2014.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, and C. Liu, “Electromagnetic design and analysis of magnetless double-rotor dual-mode machines,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 142, pp. 333–351, November 2013.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, C. Liu, D. Wu, and S. Gao, “Quantitative comparison and analysis of magnetless machines with reluctance topologies,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 49,no. 7, pp. 3969–3972, July 2013.

K. T. Chau, W. Li, and C. H. T. Lee, “Challenges and opportunities of electric machines for renewable energy,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 42, pp. 45–74, 2012.

K. Yu, Z. Wang, C. Zhao, H. Wang, X. Zhu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Improved universal control scheme with voltage disturbance observer for dual three-phase PMSM drives under open-phase fault,” Proceedings of The 50th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2024), Chicago, IL,USA, Paper No. 000027, November 2024.

J. Goh, and C. H. T. Lee, “A comparative study of vernier machine with short pitch winding configuration,” Proceedings of The50th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2024), Chicago, IL, USA, PaperNo. 000110, November 2024.

C. A. Wiguna, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation of radial force harmonics reduction in consequent-pole permanent magnet vernier motors by current harmonic injection,” Proceedings of The 50th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2024), Chicago, IL, USA, PaperNo. 000884, November 2024.

C. Zhao, and C. H. T. Lee, “Adaptive linear neuron-based active disturbance rejection control system for current harmonics suppression of PMSM drives,” Proceedings of The 27^th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2024), Fukuoka, Japan, Paper No. 476, November 2024.

K. Yu, Z. Wang, C. Zhao, H. Wang, S. Zhu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Natural fault-tolerant control strategy of dual three-phase PMSM drives with a common neutral point under open-circuit fault,” Proceedings of The 27^th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2024), Fukuoka, Japan, Paper No. 423, November 2024.

Y. Yu, F. Chai, Y. Pei, and C. H. T. Lee, “Performance comparison of two modular permanent magnet vernier machines with e-core stators for electric aircraft propulsion system,” Proceedings of 2024 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo. (ITEC Asia-Pacific 2024), Xi’an, China, Paper No. 151, October 2024.

Y. Yu, F. Chai, Y. Pei, and C. H. T. Lee, “A novel modular axial-flux permanent magnet vernier machine with h-core stator modules for electric aircraft propulsion system,” Proceedings of 2024 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo.(ITEC Asia-Pacific 2024), Xi’an, China, Paper No. 153, October 2024.

C. Tang, Y. Fan, Y. Zheng, W.Hua, X. Li, and C. H. T. Lee, “Fault-tolerant control method for modular four-unit permanent magnet synchronous hub machine utilizing current reconstruction,” Proceedings of 2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2024), Phoenix, Arizona, USA, Paper No. 354, October 2024.

Y. Yu, C. A. Wiguna, Y. Zeng,Q. Liu, J. Pou, J. Wang, A. Baronian, S. Huanqing, and C. H. T. Lee, “Analysis of a novel phase-unit axial-modular permanent magnet machine with e-core stators for electric aircraft propulsion system,” Proceedings of 2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2024), Phoenix, Arizona, USA, Paper No. 434, October 2024.

Y. Zeng, Q. Liu, J. Pou, Y. Yu,C. A. Wiguna, C. H. T. Lee, W. M. James, H. Sun, and A. Baronian, “Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning aided active disturbance rejection control of DC solid-state transformer in electric aircraft,” Proceedings of 2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2024), Phoenix, Arizona, USA, Paper No. 651, October 2024.

Y. Shen, Y. Yu, X. Zhu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design and analysis of asymmetric flux reversal permanent magnet linear machine with Halbach PM array,” Proceedings of 2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2024), Phoenix, Arizona, USA, Paper No. 1306, October 2024.

N. Kang, Y. Yan, Y. Zhou, Y. Shen, S. Xie, and C. H. T. Lee, “Potential impacts of motor structure on power transfer coils in wireless motors,” Proceedings of 20^th IEEE Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS 2024), Singapore, Paper No. 10711, August 2024.

T. Zheng, N. Kang, L. Shao, and C. H. T. Lee, “High efficient wireless powered capsule devices via planar transmitting coils,” Proceedings of 20^th IEEE Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS 2024), Singapore, Paper No. 12106, August 2024.

B. Li, and C. H. T. Lee, “PLADRC: A special design scheme of LADRC for wireless DC motors under phase-shift control,” Proceedings of 20^th IEEE Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS 2024), Singapore, Paper No. 55196, August 2024.

J. Zhu, H. Wang, Y. Shen, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design considerations, analysis and comparison for high-performance surface permanent magnet vernier machines,” Proceedings of 2024 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo. (ITEC 2024), Rosemont, IL, USA, PaperNo. 5520, June 2024.

J. W. Goh, S. Xie, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation of vernier machine design with hybrid excitations and ferrite magnets,” Proceedings of 2023 IEEE 6^th Student Conference on Electric Machines and Systems (SCEMS 2023), Huzhou, China, Paper No. EM002, December 2023.

Y. Yan, Y. Zhou, N. Kang, S.Xie, G. Yang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design of a GaN-based power converter for small-sized integrated motordrives,” Proceedings of 2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo. (ITEC Asia-Pacific 2023), Chiang Mai, Thailand, Paper No. 1570942137, November 2023.

Y. Yu, S. Xie, F. Chai, L. Cao,Y. Pei, and C. H. T. Lee, “A novel phase-unit axial-modular permanent magnet vernier machine with integral-slot non-overlapping concentrated windings,” Proceedings of 2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo. Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific 2023), Chiang Mai, Thailand, Paper No. 1570931388, November 2023.

L. Cao, X. Zhu, G. Yang, Y. Yu,C. Zhao, J. Goh, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design optimization and comparative analysis of permanent-magnet vernier machines with single-winding design,” Proceedings of 2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo., Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific 2023), Chiang Mai, Thailand, Paper No.1570932080, November 2023.

Y. Zuo, J. A. Tan, C. Zhao, H.Wang, C. H. T. Lee, and J.Yang, “Frequency adaptive torque ripple suppression for electrical drives using radial basis function neural network,” Proceedings of The 26^th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2023), Zhuhai, China, Paper No. 1447, November 2023.

Y. Yu, F. Chai, Y. Pei, X.Zhang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Comparative study of thermal characteristic in permanent magnet synchronous machine and vernier machine for in-wheel drive,” Proceedings of The 26^th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2023), Zhuhai, China, Paper No. 308, November 2023.

Y. Yu, S. Xie, F. Chai, Y. Pei,X. Zhang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Comparative analysis of loss distribution in permanent magnet synchronous machine and vernier machine,” Proceedings of The 26^th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2023), Zhuhai, China, Paper No. 313, November 2023.

G. Yang, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, S. Xie, Y. He, J. Yang, and C. H. T. Lee, “A novel dual permanent magnet fault-tolerant machine with hybrid stator configuration, ”Proceedings of The 26^th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2023), Zhuhai, China, Paper No. 356, November 2023.

Y. Shen, G. Yang, Z. Li, Z.Zeng, Q. Lu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design optimization and comparative study of hybrid-excited flux modulated linear machines with different slot permanent magnets,” Proceedings of The 26^th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2023), Zhuhai, China,Paper No. 313, November 2023.

X. Wang, Y. Fan, Y. Yu, G.Yang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design and analysis of a five phase dual stator hybrid excitation machine with spoke-type permanent magnet rotor,” Proceedings of The 26^th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2023), Zhuhai, China, Paper No. 527, November 2023.

X. Zhu, M. Zhao, L. Cao, H.Wang, C. Zhao, and C. H. T. Lee, “Harmonic loss reduction of permanent-magnet vernier motor with different stator modular designs,” Proceedings of The 26^th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems(ICEMS 2023), Zhuhai, China, Paper No. 873, November 2023.

F. Shen, Y. Zuo, Y. Yan, and C. H. T. Lee, “Comparative study of dual-permanent-magnet machines with different consequent-pole stators,”Proceedings of 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2023), Nashville, TN, USA, PaperNo. 1537, October 2023.

C. Zhao, H. Wang, Y. Zuo, B. S.Han, C. C. Hoang, X. Zhu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Radial basis function neural network-based inverter nonlinearity compensation for PMSM sensorless drives,” Proceedings of The 49th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2023), Singapore, Paper No. 846, October 2023.

Y. Zhou, J. Liu, Y. He, G.Yang, A. Li, J. Chen, N. Kang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation on axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous motor with high torque density and low thermal raise for in-wheel direct-drive electric bikes,” Proceedings of The 49th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2023), Singapore, Paper No.1119, October 2023.

S. Xie, Y. Yu, G. Yang, Y. He,Y. Yan, S. Cai, X. Yuan, B. S. Han, C. C. Hoang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Comprehensive comparison of permanent magnet synchronous machine and vernier machine,” Proceedings of The 49th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2023), Singapore,Paper No. 1147, October 2023.

Y. He, S. Xie, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation on pole-pair number combinations of a two degree-of-freedom rotary-linear machine with hybrid permanent magnets,” Proceedings of The 14^th IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC 2023), San Francisco CA, United States, Paper No. 000072, May 2023.

Y. Zhou, J. Liu, F. Meng, G.Yang, Y. He, D. K. B. Lau, P. Wang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design of an axial-flux synchronous reluctance machine with 3D-printed rotor,” Proceedings of The 14^th IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC 2023), San Francisco CA, United States, Paper No. 000086, May 2023.

X. Zhu, Y. Zhou, Y. He, and C. H. T. Lee, “Torque improvement of a flux-reversal permanent-magnet motor based on harmonic oriented design,” Proceedings of The 14^th IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC 2023), San Francisco CA, United States, Paper No. 000158, May 2023.

Y. Shen, Y. Zhou, Y. He, X.Zhu, Q. Lu, and C. H. T. Lee, “Analysis of double-sided asymmetric flux reversal permanent magnet linear machine,” Proceedings of The 14^th IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC 2023), San Francisco CA, United States, Paper No. 000429, May 2023.

Y. Zuo, S. Xie, L. Cao, C.Zhao, B. S. Han, C. C. Hoang, C. Y. Chan, and C. H. T. Lee, “A nonlinear PI controller for speed control of electric drives using radial-basis function neural network,” Proceedings of The 7^th IEEE Annual Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC 2022), Fiji, Paper No. 1830, December 2022.

C. Zhao, Y. Zuo, H. Wang, Q.Hou, and C. H. T. Lee,“Torque ripple suppression of PMSM speed regulation system using neural network,” Proceedings of The 7^th IEEE Annual Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC 2022), Fiji, Paper No. 1832, December 2022.

H. Wang, Y. Zuo, C. Zhao, Q.Hou, and C. H. T. Lee, “A robust active disturbance rejection controller for speed control of electric drives by extending the integral of position angle,” Proceedings of The 7^th IEEE Annual Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC 2022), Fiji, Paper No. 1842, December 2022.

Y. Zuo, C. Zhao, H. Wang, and C. H. T. Lee, “DB-DTFC for PMSM in the stationary reference frame using reference flux vector calculator,” Proceedings of The 19th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC 2022), Merced, California, USA, Paper No. 63244,November 2022.

S. Xie, S. Cai, L. Cao, F.Shen, B. S. Han, C. C. Hoang, and C.H. T. Lee, “A high power-factor permanent magnet vernier machine with hybrid concentrated-winding,” Proceedings of The 48th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2022), Brussels, Belgium, Paper No. 112, October 2022.

F. Shen, Y. Yan, B. Cheong, C.Gajanayake, S. Wang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Analysis of a vernier machine with spoke-v array permanent magnets,”Proceedings of The 48th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2022), Brussels, Belgium, Paper No. 679, October 2022.

H. Wang, C. Zhao, Y. Zuo, and C. H. T. Lee, “Robustness improvement for deadbeat-direct torque and flux control of PMSM using active disturbance rejection control,” Proceedings of The 48th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2022), Paper No. 127, October 2022.

L. Cao, Y. Zuo, S. Xie, C. C. Hoang, B. S. Han, and C. H. T. Lee, “Investigation of the influence of full-pitch and short-pitch windings on torque and power factor of permanent-magnet vernier machines,” Proceedings of The 48th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2022), Paper No. 300, October 2022.

Q. Hou, Y. Zuo, H. Wang, Y. Wang, C. H. T. Lee, and S. Ding, “High-order NESO based enhanced ADRC for PMSM drives considering uncertainty and measurement noise suppression,” Proceedings of The 48th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2022), Paper No. 806, October 2022.

Y. He, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design and analysis of two degree-of-freedom rotary-linear machines with hybrid permanent magnets for robotic applications,” Proceedings of 2022 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2022), Detroit, Michigan, USA, Paper No. 143, October 2022.

Y. Zuo, S. Xie, L. Cao, B. S. Han, C. C. Hoang, C. Y. J. Chan, and C. H. T. Lee, “A novel nonlinear active disturbance rejection controller for speed control of electric drives,” Proceedings of 2022 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2022), Detroit, Michigan, USA, Paper No. 485, October 2022.

F. Shen, Y. Yan, S. Wang, B. Cheong, C. J. Gajanayake, A. Gupta, and C. H. T. Lee, “Comparative study of flux-switching machines with t-array and u-array permanent-magnet arrangements,” Proceedings of 2022 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2022), Detroit, Michigan, USA, Paper No. 912, October 2022.

J. Zhu, X. Yuan, K. W. E.Cheng, and C. H. T. Lee,“Deep-investigated flux weakening analysis of the direct-drive surface permanent magnet vernier motors for traction applications,” Proceedings of The 9^th International Conference on Power Electronics Systems and Applications (PESA 2022), Hong Kong, China, Paper No. 9132, September 2022.

J. Zhu, F. Chen, J. Chen, H. Chen, and C. H. T. Lee, “Performance improvement of surface permanent magnet vernier motor by adjusting current control angle considering magnetic saturation,” Proceedings of IEEE/AIAA Transportation Electrification Conference and Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium 2022 (ITEC 2022), Anaheim, CA, USA, Paper No. 1027, June 2022.

L. Cao, Y. Zuo, S. Xie, C. C. Hoang, B. S. Han, and C. H. T. Lee, “A comparison of permanent-magnet vernier motor and interior permanent-magnet motor for hybrid electric vehicles,” Proceedings of International Power Electronics Conference 2022 (IPEC 2022-ECCE Asia), Himeji, Japan, Paper No. 1570768789, May 2022.

F. Shen, Y. Yan, S. Ramakrishna, C. J. Gajanayake, S. Wang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Analysis of vernier machine with stator-V-shaped permanent-magnet arrangement,” Proceedings of The 47st Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2021), virtual conference, Paper No. TD-008338, October 2021.

Y. He, H. Chen, and C. H. T. Lee, “Design of a decoupled double-stator flux-switching permanent-magnet rotary-linear motor with two degree-of-freedom motion,” Proceedings of The 47th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2021), virtual conference, Paper No. TD-008389, October 2021.

S. Xie, H. Chen, L. Cao, Y. Zuo, X. Yuan, B. S. Han, C. C. Hoang, and C. H. T. Lee, “Harmonic reduction for two-slot pitch winding permanent magnet vernier machines with stator shifting technique,” Proceedings of The 47th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2021), virtual conference, Paper No. TD-008559, October 2021.

Y. Yan, F. Shen, S. Ramakrishna, C. J. Gajanayake, and C. H. T. Lee, “A novel fault tolerant flux switching memory machine with highly flux controllability,” Proceedings of The 47th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2021), virtual conference, Paper No. TD-008613, October 2021.

X. Yuan, J. Chen, Y. Zuo, and C. H. T. Lee, “Deadbeat predictive current control considering inverter nonlinearity for permanent magnet synchronous machine drives,” Proceedings of 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2021), Vancouver, Canada, Paper No. EC-21340, October 2021.

Y. Zuo, J. Zhu, X. Yuan, and C. H. T. Lee, “Smooth speed control for low-speed high-torque permanent magnet vernier machine based on adaptive disturbance identification,” Proceedings of 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2021), Vancouver, Canada, Paper No. EC-21838, October 2021.

C. H. T. Lee, K. K. Bhalla, J. Mei, L. V. Iyer, and J. L. Kirtley, “Performance comparisons of Vernier permanent-magnet motor and flux-switching permanent-magnet motor for electric vehicles,” Proceedings of The 19th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC 2020), Pisa, Italy, Paper No. 468, November 2020.

H. Wang, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, and T. W. Ching, “Integration of wireless power transfer into motor technology – Wireless motors,” Proceedings of The International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2020 (ICEE 2020), Takamatsu, Japan, Paper No. 468, June 2020.

C. Jiang, K. T. Chau, H. Wang, C. H. T. Lee, and T. W. Ching, “Wireless secondary-converterless bipolar drive for ac application,” Proceedings of The 45th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2019), Lisbon, Portugal, Paper No. YD–014184, October 2019.

L. Cao, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, T. W. Ching, and C. C. Chan, “Design, analysis and control of a double-rotor motor with magnetic differential for electric vehicles, ”Proceedings of The 32nd International Electric Vehicle Symposium & Exhibition (EVS 32), Lyon, France, Paper No. 5610167, May 2019.

W. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, T. W. Ching, and C. C. Chan, “Energy-encrypted wireless power transfer for electric vehicle dynamic charging,” Proceedings of The 32nd International Electric Vehicle Symposium & Exhibition (EVS 32), Lyon, France, Paper No. 5610323, May 2019.

C. Jiang, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, W. Liu, W. Han, and W. H. Lam, “Design and analysis of single-transmitter multiple-frequency wireless motor drives,” Proceedings of the Joint Magnetism & Magnetic Materials/International Magnetics Conference(MMM-Intermag 2019), Washington DC, USA, Paper No. GE–05, January 2019.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, T. W. Ching, and C. C. Chan, “Development of double-rotor Vernier permanent-magnet machine for electric vehicle applications,” Proceedings of The 31st International Electric Vehicle Symposium & Exhibition (EVS 31), Kobe, Japan, Paper No. 5306, September 2018.

L. Cao, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, and C. C. Chan, “Flux-switching DC-field machines with harmonics suppression,” Proceedings of The31st International Electric Vehicle Symposium & Exhibition (EVS 31), Kobe, Japan, Paper No. 5812, September 2018.

C. H. T. Lee, and J. L. Kirtley, “A double-rotor consequent-pole Vernier permanent-magnet machine with toroidal-winding arrangement for hybrid electric vehicles,” Proceedings of The IEEE International Magnetic Conference 2018 (INTERMAG 2018), Marina Bay Sands, Singapore, Paper No. AU–08, April 2018.

L. Cao, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, and C. C. Chan, “Design and analysis of an outer-rotor flux-switching DC-field machine,” Proceedings of The 24nd International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2018 (ICEE 2018), Seoul, Korea, Paper No. A20171108-0184, June 2018.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, C. C. Chan, and T. W. Ching, “Design and analysis of partitioned-stator flux-switching hybrid-excitation machine for hybrid electric vehicles,” Proceedings of The 30th International Electric Vehicle Symposium & Exhibition (EVS 30), Stuttgart, Germany, Paper No. 7870184, Oct 2017.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, C. C. Chan, and B. M. H. Pong, “A mechanical-offset machine with torque ripple minimization for hybrid electric vehicles,” Proceedings of The 23rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2017 (ICEE 2017), Weihai, China, Paper No. 201702150000001, July 2017.

Z. Zhang, R. Tong, C. H. T. Lee, X. Xu, X. Wei, and J. Wang, “Sensorless direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives using polynomial chaos theory,” Proceedings of The IEEE International Magnetic Conference 2017 (INTERMAG 2017), Dublin, Ireland, Paper No. FS–01, April 2017.

Z. Shan, C. Liu, C. H. T. Lee, W. Chen, and F. Yu, “Design and comparison of direct-drive stator-PM machines for electric power generation,” Proceedings of The 13th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC 2016), Hangzhou, China, pp. 1–6, October 2016.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, F. Lin, and Z. Wang, “Comparison of flux-reversal DC-field and flux-switching DC-field generators for wind power generation,” Proceedings of The 22^nd International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2016 (ICEE 2016), Okinawa Jichikaikan, Japan, Paper No. 90255, July 2016.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, and C. Liu, “A new fault-tolerant flux-reversal doubly-salient magnetless motor drives with four-phase topology,” Proceedings of The 41st Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2015), Yokohama, Japan, Paper No. YD–014184,November 2015.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, and C. Liu, “A new magnetic steering axial-field machine for electronic differential system in electric vehicle,” Proceedings of The IEEE International Magnetic Conference 2015 (INTERMAG 2015), Beijing, China, Paper No. AV–12, May 2015.

C. U. Lei, C.H. T. Lee, T. O. Kwan, C. K. Lee, K. B. Huang, R. Y. K. Kwok, and K. L.Man, “The design of a smart power conversion system as an undergraduate cross-discipline integrated design project,” Proceedings of The11st International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC 2014), Jeju, Korea, pp. 179–180, November 2014.

C. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, and F. Lin, “An efficient offshore wind-wave hybrid generation system using direct-drive multitoothed rotating and linear machines, ”Proceedings of The 17th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2014), Hangzhou, China, pp. 273–279, October 2014.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, C. C. Chan, C. Liu, and T. W. Ching, “Development of axial-field flux-switching DC in-wheel motor drive for electric vehicles,” Proceedings of The 20th International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2014 (ICEE 2014), Jeju, Korea, Paper No. EMP–1414, June 2014.

Z. Zhang, K. T. Chau, C. Liu, M. Chen, T. W. Ching, and C. H. T. Lee, “Super conducting Wireless Power Transfer via Magnetic Resonant Coupling,” Proceedings of The Applied Superconductivity Conference (ASC 2014), Charlotte, North Carolina, Paper No. 3LPo2F–06, August 2014.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, C. Liu, and M. Chen, “Design and analysis of a magnetless dual-mode DC-excited multitoothed switched reluctance machine,” Proceedings of The 19th Conference on the Computation of Electromagnetic Fields (COMPUMAG 2013), Budapest, Hungary, Paper No. 189, July 2013.

C. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, and M. Chen, “Magnetic vibration analysis of anew DC-Excited multitoothed switched reluctance machine,” Proceedings of The 19th Conference on the Computation of Electromagnetic Fields (COMPUMAG 2013), Budapest, Hungary, Paper No. 204, July 2013.

F. Li, K. T. Chau, C. Liu, C. H. T. Lee, and M. Chen, “Pole-changing of DC-excited dual-memory machines,” Proceedings of The 19th Conference on the Computation of Electromagnetic Fields (COMPUMAG 2013), Budapest, Hungary, Paper No. 274, July 2013.

C. Liu, C. H. T. Lee, and M. Chen, “Comparison of outer-rotor permanent magnet machines for in-wheel drives,” Proceedings of The 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2013), Taipei, Taiwan, Paper No. TD-001155, May 2013.

C. H. T. Lee, K. T. Chau, and C. Liu, “Design and analysis of a DC field multitooth switched reluctance machine by using soft-magnetic-composite material,” Proceedings of The 22^nd IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2013), Taipei, Taiwan, TD–001244, May 2013.

W. Li, C. H. T. Lee, and T. W. Ching, “A transverse flux permanent magnet linear generator for hybrid electric vehicles,” Proceedings of The 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2013), Taipei, Taiwan, Paper No. TD–007358, May 2013.

W. Li, C. H. T. Lee, and C. Liu, “A dual-memory permanent magnet brushless machine for automotive integrated starter-generator application,” Proceedings of The 38^th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2012), Montreal, Canada, pp. 4076–4081, October 2012.

Z. Zhang, T. W. Ching, C. Liu and C. H. T. Lee, “Comparison of chaotic PWM algorithms for electric vehicle motor,” Proceedings of The 38th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2012), Montreal, Canada, pp. 4087–4092, October 2012.

W. Li, K. T. Chau, and C. H. T. Lee, “Optimal design and implementation of a permanent magnet linear Vernier machine for direct-drive wave energy extraction,” Proceedings of The 38th Annual Conference of The IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2012), Montreal, Canada, pp. 6200–6205, October 2012.

H. T. Lee, and S. Xie, “Positive-mutual-coupling for permanent magnet vernier machine,” Singapore Provisional Patent, 10202402834V, filed in September 2024.

H. T. Lee, F. Meng, T. Yamakawa, and T. Sakata, “Line and spacing structure for reducing eddy current loss for additively manufactured motors,” Technology Disclosure (NTURef: 2024-365), filed in September 2024.

H. T. Lee, S. Xie, B. S. Han, and C. C. Hoang, “Low-coupling two-slot winding for permanent magnet vernier machines,” Technology Disclosure (NTU Ref: 2023-094), filed in March 2023.

X. Ran, W. P. Tay, and H. T. Lee, “An extended deep reinforcement learning-based adversarial FDI attack model and its detection approach in smart grids,” Technology Disclosure (NTU Ref: 2023-060), filed in February 2023.

H. T. Lee, and Y. Zhou, “Synchronous reluctance motor with 3D-printed rotor,” Singapore Provisional Patent, 10202300384W, filed in February 2023.

H. Chen, and H. T. Lee, “Flux-modulated machine,” US Patent Application, 18/566,514, filed in December 2023.

H. T. Lee, and Y. Yu, “Permanent magnet machine with phase-unit modular structure,” Technology Disclosure (NTURef: 2023-480), filed in December 2023.

H. T. Lee, and L. Cao, “Unified winding design in dual-rotor permanent-magnet generators for power generation systems,” Technology Disclosure (NTU Ref: 2023-455), filed in November 2023.

H. T. Lee, and Y. Zhou, “A temperature rise suppression method for permanent magnet motors,” Technology Disclosure (NTU Ref: 2023-318), filed in August 2023.

H. T. Lee, and X. Zhu, “Passive fault-tolerant control scheme for electric drives,” Technology Disclosure (NTU Ref: 2023-308), filed in July 2023.

H. T. Lee, S. Xie, B. S. Han, and C. C. Hoang, “Low-coupling two-slot winding for permanent magnet vernier machines,” Technology Disclosure (NTU Ref: 2023-094), filed in March 2023.

X. Ran, W. P. Tay, and H. T. Lee, “An extended deep reinforcement learning-based adversarial FDI attack model and its detection approach in smart grids,” Technology Disclosure (NTU Ref: 2023-060), filed in February 2023.

H. T. Lee, and Y. Zhou, “Synchronous reluctance motor with 3D-printed rotor,” Singapore Provisional Patent, 10202300384W, filed in February 2023.

H. Chen, and H. T. Lee, “Flux-modulated machine,” PCT Patent Application, PCT/SG2022/050397, filed in December 2022.

Y. Zuo, S. Xie, and H. T. Lee, “Active disturbance rejection control system,” PCT Patent Application, PCT/SG2022/050012, filed in August 2022.

H. Chen, and H. T. Lee, “A contra-rotating electric machine with dual flux-modulation effect,” Singapore Patent Application, 10202106341Y, filed in March 2022.

H. T. Lee, and S. Xie, “Stator shifting technique for permanent magnet vernier machines,” Technology Disclosure, filed in December 2021.

H. T. Lee, and J. Zhu, “Accurate analytical modeling for flux-modulated motor,” Technology Disclosure (NTU Ref: 2021-483), filed in October 2021.

S. Cai, and H. T. Lee, “A dual permanent magnet excited machine with the synergies of flux-switching and flux-reversal effects,”Technology Disclosure, filed in June 2021.

X. Yuan, and H. T. Lee, “A three-degree-of-freedom digital current controller with dead beat response for motor drives,” Technology Disclosure, filed in June 2021.

Y. Zuo, and H. T. Lee, “A method and a control system for controlling a motor,” Singapore Patent Application, 10202104112X, filed in May 2021.

X. Yuan, and H. T. Lee, “A digital current controller based on internal model control for SPMSM drives,” Technology Disclosure, filed in April 2021.

Y. Zuo, S. Xie, and H. T. Lee, “Active disturbance rejection controller for low-frequency disturbance attenuation,” Technology Disclosure, filed in January 2021.

H. T. Lee, R. V. Ramanujan, and V. B. Varma, “Self-pumping magnetic cooling system for electric motor,” Technology Disclosure, filed in December 2020.

Y. Zuo, and H. T. Lee, “Identification of multiple mechanical parameters in servo motor drive,” Technology Disclosure, filed in September 2020.

J. L. Kirtley, and H. T. Lee, “Asymmetrical winding configuration for electric motor drive,” US Patent Application, US2020,0204026 A1, published in June 2020.

H. T. Lee, and K. T. Chau, “An electronic-geared in-wheel machine (齒糟式輪殼電機),” China Invention Application, ZL201620293387.9, filed in August 2016.

H. T. Lee, and K. T. Chau, “An electronic continuously variable transmission machine (一種電子無級變速轉動電機),” China Invention Application, ZL201620117005.7, filed in August 2016.